BRAIN ANATOMY
Cerebellum
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This is the portion of the brain that helps coordinate movement (balance and muscle coordination). It is located at the back of the brain. Damage to the cerebellum may result in ataxia which is a problem of muscle coordination, making it difficult for a person to perform everyday tasks such as the ability to walk, talk, eat and other self care tasks.
Frontal Lobe
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This is the part of the brain which involves speech, thought, memory, organising, planning, problem solving, selective attention, personality and a variety of “higher cognitive functions” including behaviour and emotions. A deep groove or indentation called the central sulcus divides the parietal and frontal lobe. The frontal lobe is located at the front part of the brain. The anterior (front) portion of the frontal lobe in called the prefrontal cortex. The posterior (back) of the frontal lobe is divided into two sections, the premotor and the motor area. The prefrontal cortex is a very important area for the “higher cognitive functions” and the determination of the personality. The motor area consists of nerve cells that produce movement and the premotor area serve to modify movement. These muscular activities can be both voluntary and involuntary.
Occipital Lobe
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This region of the brain processes visual information and is located at the back of the brain. It is mainly responsible for visual reception however it also contains association areas that help in the visual recognition of shapes and colours. Any damage to the occipital lobe can cause visual deficits.
Parietal Lobe
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They are superior to the occipital lobe and posterior to the central sulcus and frontal lobes. Their function is the perception of general sensation like touch, smell, temperature and conscious association. There are two parts of the parietal lobe, a right side and a left side. Damage to the right side can cause visuospatial deficits (patients may have difficulty finding their way around new or even familiar places). Damage to the left side may disrupt a patient’s ability to understand spoken and/or written language.
The parietal lobes contain the primary sensory cortex which controls sensation such as pressure and touch. Behind this is a large association area that controls fine sensation such as size, weight, shape and judgement of texture.
The parietal lobes contain the primary sensory cortex which controls sensation such as pressure and touch. Behind this is a large association area that controls fine sensation such as size, weight, shape and judgement of texture.
Temporal Lobe
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This region of the brain play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory perception, language and speech production, as well as memory association and formation. There are two temporal lobes, one on each side of the brain. They allow a person to tell the difference between sounds and smells. The right lobe is mainly involved in visual memory e.g. memory for pictures and faces, whereas the left lobe is mainly involved in verbal memory e.g. memory for words and names.
Brain Anatomy and FunctionsView this incredible 3D animation showing the anatomy and functions of the brain using colour coded ares.
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Milad Rouf
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